Two henipaviruses, Hendra veira (HeV) and the Nipah veira (NiV) are already known to cause fatal disease in humans. Now, a novel henipavirus has been identified in febrile patients in Eastern China. This is phylogenetically distinct strain of henipavirus and has been named Langya henipavirus (LayV). The patients had recent history of exposure to animals, hence suggestive of animal to human transfer. This seems to be a newly emerged veira that has strong implications for human health.
hendra veira (HeV) and the Nipah veira (NiV), belonging to genus Henipavirus in the veira family Paramyxoviridae emerged in the recent past. Both are responsible for fatal diseases in humans and animals. Their genome consists of a single-stranded RNA surrounded by an envelope of lipid.
hendra veira (HeV) was first identified in 1994-95 through an outbreak in Hendra suburb in Brisbane, Australia when many horses and their trainers became infected and succumbed to lung disease with bleeding conditions. Nipah vírus (NiV) var fyrst greint nokkrum árum síðar árið 1998 í Nipah, Malasíu eftir staðbundið faraldur. Síðan þá hafa verið nokkur tilfelli af NiV um allan heim í mismunandi löndum, sérstaklega í Malasíu, Bangladess og Indlandi. Þessar uppkomu voru venjulega tengdar háum dánartíðni bæði meðal manna og búfjár.
Ávöxturinn geggjaður (Pteropus), also known as flying fox, are natural animal reservoirs of both Hendra veira (HeV) and the Nipah veira (NiV). Transmission occurs from bats via saliva, urine, and excreta to humans. Pigs are intermediate host for Nipah while horses are intermediate hosts for HeV and NiV.
Hjá mönnum sýna HeV sýkingar inflúensulík einkenni áður en þær fara yfir í banvænan heilabólgu á meðan NiV sýkingar koma oft fram sem taugasjúkdómar og bráð heilabólgu og, í sumum tilfellum, öndunarfærasjúkdómur. Smit frá einstaklingi á sér stað á seint stigi sýkingar1.
Henipaviruses are highly pathogenic. These are fast emerging zoonotic veirur. In June 2022, researchers reported characterization of another henipavirus named, Angavokely veira (AngV)2. Þetta fannst í þvagsýnum frá villtum Madagaskar ávaxtaleðurblökum. Erfðamengi þess sýnir alla helstu eiginleika sem tengjast sjúkdómsvaldandi áhrifum í öðrum henipaveirum. Þetta gæti líka orðið vandamál ef það hellist yfir á menn, í ljósi þess að leðurblökur eru neytt sem matar á Madagaskar.
Þann 04. ágúst 2022, rannsakendur3 reported identification (characterisation and isolation) of yet another novel henipavirus from the throat swab of febrile patients during sentinel surveillance. They named this strain Langya henipavirus (LayV). It is phylogenetically related to Mojiang henipavirus. They identified 35 patients with LayV infection in Shandong and Henan provinces of Kína. Engir aðrir sjúkdómsvaldar voru til staðar í 26 þessara sjúklinga. Allir sjúklingar með LayV voru með hita og sum önnur einkenni. Snærur virðast vera náttúrulegt lón LayV, þar sem rannsóknir á litlum dýrum sýndu tilvist LayV RNA í 27% sníkjudýra, 2% geita og 5% hunda.
The findings of this study suggest that LayV infection was the cause of fever and associated symptoms among the patients studied and small domestic animals were the intermediate hosts of the LayV veira.
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Tilvísanir:
- Kummer S, Kranz DC (2022) Henipaviruses-Stöðug ógn við búfé og menn. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16(2): e0010157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157
- Madera S., et al 2022. Uppgötvun og erfðafræðileg einkenni nýrrar Henipaveiru, Angavokely veira, frá ávaxtaleðurblökum á Madagaskar. Sent 24. júní 2022. Forprentun bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.12.495793
- Zhang, Xiao-Ai et al 2022. Zoonotic Henipavirus í hitasjúklingum í Kína. 4. ágúst 2022. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:470-472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2202705
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